From: Max Lieblich Newsgroups: sci.math Subject: Re: Nonabelian rings Date: 2 Nov 1998 20:25:55 GMT : 1) Are there any nonabelian rings? If you are talking about rings with units, nope (assuming that both left and right distributive laws are in your axioms). Indeed, by the left distributive law (and the associative law, and the fact that 1 is a multiplicative unit), (1+1)(a+b)=(a+b)+(a+b)=(a+(b+a))+b. On the other hand, by the right distributive law (etc.), (1+1)(a+b)=(a+(a+b))+b. Using additive inverses, etc., we see that a+b=b+a for all a,b in the ring. If the "ring" doesn't have a unit, there a billion examples: take any nonabelian group R, define + to be the group operation, and define ab=0 for all a,b in R (where 0 is the group identity element). Max