Hagfish vs. all other vertebrates

• No trace of vertebrae

• One semicircular canal

• Never mineralization

• Isosmolal with seawater

• No electroreception

• No lateral line

• Accessory ìheartsî

• Fibrous cranium

• Vertebral elements

• 2-3 semicircular canals

• Mineralization capability

• Hypotonic to seawater

• Electroreception

• Lateral line

• No accessory ìheartsî

• Cartilage cranium

(see pp. 159-162 for more. . .)

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