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- C4 plants
- Cadherins
- Caenorhabditis elegans
- [ general discussion ] [genome] [germline vs somatic cells]
- Calciferol
- Calcineurin (calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphatase)
- Calcitonin
- Calcitriol
- Calcium
- [in nutrition] [RDA] [homeostatic regulation of] [as "intracellular messenger"]
- Calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII)
- Calorie
- The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree Celsius. When capitalized, a unit of heat 1000 times larger than the above.
- Calorie Restriction (CR)
- Calvin cycle
- Cambium
- [in roots]
- Cambrian period
- CaMKII
- Calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II
- CAM plants
- cAMP Response Element Binding (CREB) protein
- Cancer
- Any disease characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of one kind of cell. [General discussion] [Chemotherapy] [Immunotherapy] [Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia] [Cancer Cells in Culture] [Burkitt's Lymphoma] [lung cancer] [colon cancer] [Oncogenes] [tumor suppressor genes] [and apoptosis] [estimating risk] [caused by power lines?] [and telomeres] ["The Causes and Prevention of Cancer" by Bruce Ames]
- Capillaries
- [physiology]
- Capping of pre-mRNA
- Capsaicin
- Carbamates
- Carbohydrates
- Carbon cycle
- Carbon dioxide
- [transport by blood]
- Carbonic anhydrase
- Carbonyl group
- Carboxylic acids
- Carboxyl terminal
- Carboxypeptidase
- Carcinogen
- A substance that causes cancer.
- Carcinoma
- A cancer of epithelial cells.
- Cardiac (heart) muscle
- Carotenoid
- Carpel
- Carrying capacity (K) of the environment
- Cartilage
- Cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes)
- Casparian strip
- Caspase.
- Catabolism
- Catabolite activator protein (CAP)
- Catalase
- Catalyst
- Substance that accelerates the rate of chemical reaction without being used up in the process. Enzymes are catalysts.
- Cataracts
- Catecholamines.
- Catenins
- Cathelicidins
- CCK (Cholecystokinin)
- CCR3 (Chemotactic Chemokine Receptor 3)
- CCR5 (Chemotactic Chemokine Receptor 5)
- CD ("cluster of differentiation") molecules
- [CD1] [CD3] [CD4] [CD8] [CD20] [CD22] [CD25] [CD28] [CD33] [CD34] [CD 52] [CD80 (= B7-1)] [CD86 (= B7-2)] [CD95]
- cDNA
- DNA produced in vitro by the reverse transcription of a messenger RNA
- CellCept®
- Cell-mediated immunity
- Cells
- [Animal cells] [Plant cells] [Cell Cycle] [Cell Junctions] [Cell membranes] [Cell signaling]
- Cellular respiration
- [Discussion] [energy relationships in]
- Cellulose
- Cenozoic era
- Centimorgan (cM)
- Central dogma
- Central nervous system (CNS), human
- Centriole
- Centromere
- Centrosome
- [general discussion] [in mitosis]
- Cephalopoda
- Cephalosporins
- Cercariae
- Cerebellum
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Cestoda
- [pig and fish tapeworm life cycles]
- Chaparral
- Chaperones and chaperonins
- [in protein folding] [in protein kinesis]
- Character displacement
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
- Chargaff rule
- Chase, Martha
- Checkpoints
- in the cell cycle
- Chelicerata
- Chemiosmosis
- [in chloroplasts] [in mitochondria] [laboratory demonstration]
- Chemoautotrophic
- Autotrophic, using energy secured by oxidizing some inorganic substance. Characteristic of certain bacteria.
- Chemokine
- A cytokine that attracts white blood cells (WBCs). These secreted proteins regulate the migration of WBCs from the blood into the tissues and promote inflammation. Some are also essential for proper embryonic development. Over 40 different chemokines have been identified. [some examples]
- Chemotaxis
- Chemotherapy
- Treating a patient with chemicals to combat an infectious disease or cancer. [drugs used in cancer chemotherapy]
- Chernobyl
- [radiation] [effect of fallout]
- Chiasma
- Chimera
- Chitin
- [inhibitors as insecticides]
- Chlamydia
- Chloracne
- Chlorarachniophytes
- Chlorinated hydrocarbons, as insecticides
- Chlorination of water supplies
- Chlorofluorohydrocarbons (CFCs) and ozone layer
- Chlorophyll
- Chlorophyta (green algae)
- Chloroplasts
- [structure] [chemiosmosis in] [genome]
- Choanoflagellates
- Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Cholera
- [the cause] [1991 epidemic]
- Cholesterol
- [uptake by cells]
- Cholinesterase
- Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)
- Chondroitin sulfate
- Chordata
- Invertebrate chordates
- Chordin
- Chorion
- Chorionic gonadotropin
- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
- Choroid coat
- Chromatid
- Chromatin
- Chromatography
- [affinity chromatography] [exclusion chromatography] [paper]
- Chromatophores
- Chromosomes
- [discussion] [chromosome maps] [chromosome painting] [harlequin] [sex chromosomes]
- Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
- Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
- [discussion] [mutation]
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Chrysophyta (golden algae)
- Chymotrypsin
- Cigarettes and health
- Cilia
- Ciliates
- Ciona intestinalis
- Cipro®
- Circadian
- Occurring approximately once a day. [Discussion of circadian rhythms in Drosophila and mammals]
- Circulatory system
- [human: structure and function] [fish, squid, frog, lizard] ["open"]
- Cistron
- Citric acid cycle
- Citrulline
- Cladistics
- Cleavage
- [in frog]
- Clinical studies
- clinical trials of drugs
- Cloaca
- Posterior part of the alimentary canal into which the urinary and reproductive tracts empty in birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes. [View]
- Clock (clk) gene
- Clonal selection in the immune system
- Clone
- The descendants produced asexually from a single cell or organism. Characterized by a identical genetic constitution.[cloning DNA] [cloning animals]
- Clonus
- Clostridia
- Clotting (coagulation) of blood
- CMA-676
- Cnidaria
- Cocaine
- Cochlea
- Cockayne's syndrome
- and aging
- Codominance
- The independent expression of each of two alleles in a heterozygote.
- Codon
- [DNA codons] [RNA codons][mRNA translation] [exceptions to the code]
- Coelacanth
- Coelom
- Main body cavity of many animals. It is lined with an epithelium derived from mesoderm.
- Coenzyme
- Cohesins
- Cohesion
- Force of attraction between like molecules.
- Cold receptors
- Coleoptile
- Collagen
- Collective dose
- Collenchyma
- Colloid
- Substance whose particles (macromolecules or aggregates of smaller molecules) range from 1-1000 nm in size.
- Color blindness
- Colostrum
- Commensalism
- Community
- The population of plants, animals, and microbes found in a particular area and often interacting with one another.
- Companion cell
- Competition
- [intraspecific] [interspecific]
- Competitive inhibition
- of enzymes
- Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs)
- Complementary DNA (cDNA)
- A DNA molecule synthesized (by reverse transcriptase) from an RNA template. When the template is messenger RNA (mRNA), the cDNA represents an intronless gene.
- Complementation, genetic
- Complement system
- Compound
- Compound eye, of arthropods
- Computed tomography (CT)
- Concepts
- Condensin
- Conditioned Response
- Conditioning, instrumental or operant
- Cones
- of human retina
- Confidence limits
- Conidia
- Conifers
- Conjugation
- [bacterial conjugation] [in Paramecium]
- Connective tissue
- Connexins
- Consumer
- (primary, secondary, etc.)
- Contact dermatitis
- [More]
- Continental drift
- Contraception
- Contraceptive, oral
- Convergent evolution
- COPI and COPII (Coat proteins I and II)
- Corepressor
- Cornea
- Coronary system
- Corpora allata
- Corpus luteum
- Cortex
- The outer part of an organ.
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
- Cortisol
- Corynebacteria
- Cottony cushion scale insect
- Cotyledon
- Countercurrent exchangers
- Covalent bond
- Cowpox
- CpG islands
- Cranial nerves
- Craniata
- Creatine phosphate
- Cre/loxP
- Crenarchaeota
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
- Cristae in mitochondria
- Crossing over
- [in meiosis] [molecular mechanism]
- Crustacea
- Cryptochrome
- [and circadian rhythms] [and germination] [and etiolation]
- Cryptomonads
- csd ("complementary sex determiner") gene
- C terminal
- Cushing's syndrome
- C value
- [C-value paradox]
- CXCR4
- Cyanobacteria
- Cycle (cyc) gene
- Cyclic ADP ribose
- Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
- Cyclic GMP (cGMP)
- Cyclic photophosphorylation
- Cyclin
- Cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2)
- [COX-2 inhibitors] [and pain]
- Cyclosporine
- Cysteine
- Cysticercosis
- Cystic fibrosis (CF)
- [mutations]
- Cytidine deaminase
- Cytochrome
- [in mitochondria] [in chloroplasts] [cytochrome c sequences in different species]
- Cytokine
- Protein secreted by a cell that signals other cells in a paracrine fashion or even itself (autocrine). The various lymphokines, chemokines, interferons, colony-stimulating factors, and tumor necrosis factors are examples. [cytokine receptors]
- Cytokinesis
- Cytokinins
- Plant hormones.
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Cytoplasm
- General term for all the contents of the cell outside the nucleus and within the plasma membrane.
- Cytosine
- Cytoskeleton
- Cytosol
- The fluid in which the organelles of the cytoplasm are suspended. Also called the ground substance of the cell.
- Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)